"Dissolution or Individuation: Antithetical Impulses in “Women in Love”", Reiko Kamiishida, Kyushu University English Review, 第46号, 125, 147, 01 Dec. 2003, Department of English Linguistics and Literature, Based on the contrasting modes of existence of the two protagonists in D. H. Lawrence's fifth full-length novel, Women in Love (1920), this paper argues that the novel is a story about one movement toward independence of one's own existence from society and the other movement toward fusion into the industrial system. In this novel, Lawrence affirms as an ideal the pursuit of a "living otherness" of the external world. In the end, two characters achieve the independence of their own existence.
Singling into Individuality” or Dissolving into Chaos: Antithetical Impulses in Women in Love, Reiko Kamiishida, Master thesis, 01 Jan. 2004, This paper examines the characteristics of language in D.H. Lawrence's novel "Women in Love," focusing on the theme of "the indeterminacy of existence and the ambiguity of language. Specifically, he argued that in the novel "Women in Love," the meaning and value of language are constantly shifting without being determined, and that the ambiguity of language and the indeterminacy of human existence, which can still escape dichotomous interpretation, create the dynamism of the novel.
"Where Language Ends and Reality Begins: a World after Words in “St. Mawr”", Reiko Kamiishida, Kyushu University English Review, 第47号, 71, 93, 01 Dec. 2004, Department of English Linguistics and English Literature, Kyushu University, A paper on a novella, St. More (1925). Focuses on Lawrence's denial of language. The heroine, mother and daughter, make a move from English high society, where only clichés are exchanged and no life is to be found, to an uncivilized wilderness that rejects human civilization. In other words, the girls flee from the world of language to the world of nonverbalism. However, this land, where nature has an unusual presence, refuses to be described by human language, i.e., to be possessed by language. The post-linguistic world depicted here is a place where language is powerless and where human activities are rendered meaningless. The paper argues that this novella clearly shows the aporia of a writer who uses language to deny language with all his might and will.
"The Influence of Einstein's Theory of Relativity and Philosophy of Leo Shestov in Kangaroo Lawrence's Interest in the Concept of Relativity in the Early 1920s", Reiko Kamiishida, Japan D. H. Lawrence Studies, 第16号, 16, 31, 01 Mar. 2006, The D. H. Lawrence Society of Japan, The paper argues that Lawrence wrote "Kangaroo", in the early 1920s, based on the impact he received from Einstein's theory of relativity and Leo Shestov's anti-idealist philosophy, using letters, poetry, and book reviews from the time. The work rejects the absolutism of ideas and relativizes the protagonist's own thought as well. The paper concludes that the protagonist Summers' thoughts constantly fluctuate because Lawrence considered the novel as a means of expression that depicts the fluidity of human thoughts and emotions.
"The Paradox in Lawrence’s Speculative Writings", Reiko Kamiishida, Japan D. H. Lawrence Studies, 第17号, 43, 53, 01 Mar. 2007, The D. H. Lawrence Society of Japan, Inside D. H. Lawrence's writings, the debate between absolutes and relativities is complexly self-developing. By placing relativity (the correlativity of man, animal, and person), which is by nature interactive and passing away, in the position of the conceptual Absolute, Lawrence's linguistic expression is forced into a contradiction. The paper discusses the development of Lawrence's highly speculative thought on absolutes and relativities, the origins of existence, and the contradictions that result from his speculation in 'The Crown' (1915) , in his mid-term essay 'The Novel (1925) and in 'Him with His Tail in His Mouth' (1925). The paper refers to the criticisms of intellectualism by Henri Bergson and William James, philosophers of the same period who seem to have influenced Lawrence's thoughts in the essays.
"Negative Theology in "The Plumed Serpent"", Reiko Kamiishida, Journal of the Faculty of Ueda Women's Junior College, 第31号, 01 Jan. 2008, Ueda Women's Junior College, "The Plumed Serpent"(1926) is a story in which Lawrence tackles head-on the question of whether religion is possible for modern man. And, at the same time, the novel strongly reflects his aspect as a negative theologian. In this novel, God is described in negative terms as one whose name has never been uttered. God is considered to be the mystery itself, the one who transcends all understanding. Since such a God cannot be named and can only be spoken of by implication, the symbols of the serpent and the eagle are used as manifestations. After examining Lawrence's negative theist conception of God, this paper reviews the historical context of the serpent and eagle symbols used by Lawrence as manifestations of "the inexpressible God" in European, Zoroastrian, Nietzschean, and Aztec civilizations.
Language Animal/ Animal Language: Difference between D. H. Lawrence and Virginia Woolf Concerning Views of Language, Reiko Kamiishida, "Walpurgis 2009", 2009, 33, 55, 16 Mar. 2009, Department of Foreign Languages and Culture Studies, Associate Professor, Kokugakuin University, Like D. H. Lawrence, Woolf shows an orientation toward things beyond language at the end of "Between the Acts" (1941), but why does Woolf nevertheless criticize Lawrence's seemingly similar orientation? This paper considers this question by comparing Lawrence's and Wolff's views on animals and their differing attitudes toward the impossibility of language to convey meaning. The paper also pays attention to the fact that in Lawrence's view, language is the opposite of animals, whereas in Wolff's view, language itself is seen as animal-like. Finally, from the viewpoint of Woolf's criticism on Lawrence, the paper discusses Woolf's own view on language which is expressed in her late work "Between the Acts".
"Propagation of Ideas and Words in “Tristram Shandy"", Reiko Kamiishida, The Journal of Kokugakuin University, 110, 10, 1, 12, 15 Oct. 2009, Kokugakuin University, In "The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman" (1960-67), contrary to the title, the "life" of the protagonist is barely mentioned. Instead, we are endlessly sidetracked by the eloquence of his father Walter and the fortress-building of his uncle Toby. The mechanism of this digression is discussed in terms of the characteristic treatment of the word 'idea' in the work. As many critics have already pointed out, this work is heavily influenced by John Locke's "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding"(1689). In this paper, I consider how Sterne transforms and incorporates Locke's definition of ideas into his work, creating a curvilinear narrative style. Ultimately, I attempt to clarify the structure of derailment created by treating ideas not only as 'objects' of thought, but also as objects that invade the brain from the outside world.
"Problematising Perception: Virginia Woolf’s “To the Lighthouse”", Reiko Kamiishida, "Walpurgis 2010", 2010, 01 Mar. 2010, Department of Foreign Languages and Culture Studies, Kokugakuin University, Virginia Woolf's novel "To the Lighthouse" (1927) is simply the story of a family on holiday in a summer resort who decide to take a small boat to a lighthouse near an island, but give up because of strong winds, and finally succeed many years later. However, the novel is filled with an air of mystery that cannot be explained by that alone. It is never explained why the family insists on going to the lighthouse, nor is it explained what the painting that artist Lily Briscoe finishes at the end of the story actually looks like. This paper assumes that the subject of this work is a story about the question of whether an object can be captured by the gaze or by the imagination. Through an analysis of the perceptual activities of the characters, especially the creative process of the painter Lily Briscoe, I will examine what Woolf attempts to do in this novel.
"Banksy: Vandal, Radical, Bristol", Reiko Kamiishida, "Walpurgis 2013", 16 Mar. 2013, Gaikokugo Kenkyushitu/ Department of Foreign Languages and Culture Studies, This paper reviews the history of British graffiti writer Banksy's activities in Bristol, his hometown, and elucidates his style in relation to Bristol. Finally, the paper attempts to examine the impact of Banksy's presence on the cultural climate of Bristol.
"Contemporary Allusions in "THEY LIVE"", Reiko Kamiishida, "The Journal of Kokugakuin University", 1291号, 15 Nov. 2014, Kokugakuin University, A comparative study of the film "They Live" with the original short story "Eight O'clock in the Morning" (Ray Nelson, 1963) and the comic book adaptation, "Nada" (Bill Wray, 1986), which directly influenced the film. Also, the message of film is deciphered in the paper. I also discussed the intent of the metaphor from 1980s American society, which is not revealed in the film.
"A Study of Graffiti: from the early 20th century to 1980's", Reiko Kamiishida, "Walpurgis 2015", 1, 22, 16 Mar. 2015, Department of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Kokugakuin University, This paper reviews the origins and development of graffiti. First, the origins of contemporary graffiti and the history of its development up to the 1980s are identified. Next, the previous studies up to the same generation are outlined. Finally, the issues raised by its existence are discussed, with reference to the pros and cons of graffiti.
"Spray Can Sounds in Graffiti Movies", Reiko Kamiishida, Proceedings of 10 Annual Conference of Japan Society for Cinema Studies , 4, 17, 27 Mar. 2015, The Japan Society for Cinema Studies, The presentation focused on the following three objectives. (1) To identify the origins of contemporary graffiti, (2) to trace the evolution of graffiti depicted in film, and (3) to examine the importance of visual media in the production strategies of leading contemporary graffiti writers. The common sound used in films that consciously incorporate graffiti is "the sound of spray paint". I attempted to clarify the genealogy of graffiti films by using this phenomenon as the underlying sound. Since graffiti is a highly transitory art form that is "gone over" (overwritten by another artist) as soon as it is painted, the documentation of the work is dependent on recording technology. This paper presents an overview of the ways in which graffiti artists are supported by modern social networking sites and digital devices, which allow for automatic and immediate outcomes.
"The Conflict between Anonymity and Nominality in "The Faith of Graffiti"", Reiko Kamiishida, The Journal of Kokugakuin University, 116, 7, 1, 18, Jul. 2015, Kokugakuin University, The purpose of this paper is to elucidate how graffiti was perceived in the New York news media during the 1970s, when graffiti was in its infancy. I used as my starting point "The Faith of Graffiti," a collection of photo essays by John Naar and Norman Mailer, who are credited with introducing graffiti as an art form for the first time. While graffiti was initially viewed as an anonymous art form, Mailer's essay in the same book contributed to the graffiti writers' acquisition of notoriety and authorship.
"Spiritualisms, Media, and Mediums in Occult Films Set in Haunted Houses", KAMIISHIDA Reiko, Kokugakuin Zasshi, 124, 11, 21, 43, 15 Nov. 2023, Kokugakuin University, I have identified Spiritualism and mediums as important elements in haunted house-based occult films produced in the Western world in the second half of the 20th century. First, I argued that in those occult films, the mansion was the medium of terror, and second, the spirits lurking in the mansion were depicted as earthbound spirits and not mobile ones. First, I introduced definitions of terms that I will use extensively in this paper. Second, I grasped the concepts of modern Spiritualism and mediums, and looked at an overview of the Stonetape theory, which holds that the building itself is a medium for psychic phenomena. Third, the Winchester House was introduced as an example of the relationship between mediums and buildings. Fourth, we examined how Spiritualism and mediums have been portrayed in Western mansion-based horror films, with reference to representative novels and films in which mediums appear.
The BBC Adaptation of "Women in Love", Reiko Kamiishida, Japan D. H. Lawrence Studies, 34, 21, 45, 25 Mar. 2024, Japan D. H. Lawrence Society, BBC Four produced a two-part miniseries titled "Women in Love" in 2011, which represented a contemporary television adaptation of D.H. Lawrence's celebrated novels, "The Rainbow", and "Women in Love". Before this endeavor, the novels had previously been adapted into films by Ken Russell in 1969 and 1989, respectively. This paper chronologically reviews the ways in which Bowen's version of Women in Love amended the original narratives, exploring, and evaluating the additions, deletions, and modifications it effected to the source texts. The paper further assesses the BBC film's divergences and convergences with Russell's previous film adaptations, speculating about the intentions of Bowen and Ivory through this comparative analysis. While the Russell films were faithful to the original novels, director Miranda Bowen, and Nottingham-based writer William Ivory boldly adapted the source texts into an updated, lifelike, and contemporary television film, adding numerous details that were not included in the novels and modifying or eliminating elements as they deemed fit. Consequently, their film embodies an innovative retelling of Lawrence's stories through the lens of modernity, reconceiving, and rejuvenating the narratives and restoring the relevance of Lawrence’s work. This BBC television adaptation exemplifies how contemporary filmmakers can incorporate representations of the female body and male vulnerability into their visualizations of Lawrence. It thus epitomizes how Lawrence could be read and interpreted by contemporary audiences.
Nanette Norris, Modernist Myth: Studies in H. D., D. H. Lawrence, and Virginia Woolf (Book Review), Reiko Kamiishida, Japan D. H. Lawrence Studies, 第20号, 20 Mar. 2010, The D. H. Lawrence Society of Japan, Review of a 2008 book by Nanette Norris. In this book, the author argues that three modernist writers, H. D., Lawrence, and Wolfe, have in common that they are transmitters of esoteric knowledge, such as Gnosticism and Kabbalah, and that their works contain coded messages. The texts discussed are "Helen in Egypt" (H. D), "Mrs. Dalloway" (Wolfe), and "The Plumed Serpent" (Lawrence), respectively. I argue that the author's critical method is based on Julia Kristeva's concept of "intertextuality," crossing the boundaries of each academic discipline and reading influences from philosophical, religious, and psychoanalytic texts in their literary works. In doing so, the author infuses new interpretive possibilities in each writer's works.
"On the Relationship between 'Original' and 'Reproduction' in Modern Art Described in "Exit through the Gift Shop"', Reiko Kamiishida, The Japan Society for Cinema Studies (JSCS) Newsletter, 32, 12 Sep. 2012, The Japan Society for Cinema Studies, In this essay, Banksy's criticism of contemporary art in his film "Exit Through the Gift Shop" is discussed. It also examines the relationship between "original" and "reproduction" in his artwork.
Kirsty Martin, Modernism and the Rhythms of Sympathy (Book Review), Reiko Kamiishida, Japan D. H. Lawrence Studies, 第24号, 25 Mar. 2014, The D. H. Lawrence Society of Japan, This is a review of a 2013 book by Kirsty Martin. The book is an attempt to read the novels of Vernon Lee, Virginia Woolf, and D. H. Lawrence using sympathy as a key concept. It owes much of its argumentative framework to the writings of Martha Nussbaum. The word "empathy" comes from the German "Einfühlung" and was translated into English by Vernon Lee. The book discusses the relationship between sympathy and the independent individual, abstraction, and animism, among other topics.
"'Let's talk about real terrorism'- "Terrorist World" by Atsushi Manabe"(Book Review), Reiko Kamiishida, Raymond Williams Studies, 6, 20 Mar. 2016, The Society for Raymond Williams Studies in Japan, A review of Terrorist World (Gendai Shokan, February 2016) by Atsushi Manabe. The book analyzes and deconstructs terrorism from the perspective of cultural representations of terrorism in film and manga, the history of terrorism in Japan, and the current situation in Syria. The review focuses on the section on "terrorist acts by state actors," which is a major issue in the book.
'Suffragette and the Problem of Localization in Japan', Reiko Kamiishida, Raymond Williams Studies, 7, 16 Mar. 2017, Raymond Williams Kenkyu-kai, A review of the film "Suffragette". First, the film's plot and a few details of the film's depiction are discussed, and the message inferred from them is examined. Next, it critically examines how the public image of the film was altered in the Japanese publicity and what the intent of the alteration was. Finally, the review criticises the Japanese title ("Mirai wo Hanabutsuanashite"), the poster visuals, and the taglines the Japanese distributor adopted.
Book Review: "Bungaku to Adaptation", Reiko Kamiishida, The Japan Society for Cinema Studies (JSCS) Newsletter, vol. 54., 第54号, 5, 9, 20 Jul. 2018, The Japan Society for Cinema Studies, "Bungaku to Adaptation", a collection of articles published in 2017, is analyzed based on Linda Hutcheon's "A Theory of Adaptation" (2006, Japanese translation 2012).
"Suffragettes and Their Descendants", Reiko Kamiishida, The Journal of Kokugakuin University, 122, 5, 18, 19, May 2021, Kokugakuin University, A biographical manga of Emmeline Pankhurst was published in Japan(Mizuki Naho, POPLAR PUBLISHING CO., LTD., 2020). The fact was the impetus for this essay, which introduced the way suffragettes are portrayed in pop culture, including American comics and movies.
Shingo Ito, Masaaki Nakamura. "A Cultural History of Representing the Living Dead: Ghosts, Skeletons, and Zombies" (Book Review), Reiko Kamiishida, The Journal of Kokugakuin University, 123, 1, 17, 17, Jan. 2022, Kokugakuin University, An introduction to the 2019 book, "A Cultural History of Representing the Living Dead: Ghosts, Skeletons, and Zombies". The book is groundbreaking in that it reveals how ghostly representations were replaced by zombie representations in J-horror and places zombies in the context of Japanese literary history.
Kumiko Hoshi. "D. H. Lawrence and Pre-Einstein Modernist Relativity" (Book Review), Reiko Kamiishida, Japan D. H. Lawrence Studies, No. 31, 32, 20, 26, Mar. 2022, The D. H. Lawrence Society of Japan, Kumiko Hoshi’s book, D. H. Lawrence and Pre-Einstein Modernist Relativity, is based on her doctoral thesis and establishes how D. H. Lawrence responded to pre-Einsteinian relativity and incorporated the theory of relativity into his works. It can be said that the author has drawn a distinct line between Lawrence’s relativistic art before he encountered Einstein’s theory and after that, using unusually interdisciplinary perspectives.
"Dissolution or Individuation: Antithetical Impulses in “Women in Love”", Reiko Kamiishida, Fifty Sixth General Meeting of the Kyushu Branch of the English Literary Society of Japan, 01 Oct. 2003, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima
""Kangaroo" as a Process of Oblivion", Reiko Kamiishida, The 36th Annual Conference of D. H. Lawrence Society of Japan, 01 Jun. 2005, Kurume University, Kurume
“The Nameless”: Negative Theology in "The Plumed Serpent", Reiko Kamiishida, The 38th Annual Conference of D. H. Lawrence Society of Japan, 01 Jun. 2007, Kobe Jogakuin University, Kobe
The Paradox in Lawrence’s Speculative Writings:Twentieth-Century Anti-Idealism of Bergson, William James and D. H. Lawrence, Reiko Kamiishida, The 11th International D. H. Lawrence Conference (at Eastwood Hall, Nottingham), 01 Aug. 2007, The D. H. Lawrence Society, Notthingham
Reiko Kamiishida, Symposium at the 28th National Convention of the Virginia Woolf Society of Japan, "Beyond the 'Word' in Woolf, D. H. Lawrence, and Joyce, 02 Nov. 2008, The 28th Annual Conference of The Virginia Woolf Society of Japan, Hiroshima, 鵜飼信光(九州大学)、扶瀬幹生(聖心女子大学), In St. Mawr (1925), the heroine yearns for St. Mawr, a horse, a nonverbal being, and tries to construct a fiction of "an ideal world uncorrupted by language" over the American wilderness. This is where the orientation of Lawrence's literature toward things beyond language is most evident. This can be seen as an escape from the existing system of language, but such an escape from the system itself becomes a mold reminiscent of the system and invites the criticism that Lawrence tries to bring the reader into his system as well, as Woolf wrote in her diary on October 2, 1932. Woolf shows an orientation toward things beyond language at the end of "Between the Acts" (1941), but why does Woolf nevertheless criticize Lawrence's seemingly similar orientation in this way? In this presentation, l considered this question by comparing Lawrence's and Wolff's views on animals and their differing attitudes toward the impossibility of language to convey meaning. I also noted that in Lawrence, language is opposed to animals, whereas in Wolff, language itself is seen as animal-like.
"They Live": Allusion to Political and Cultural Life in America in 1980s, Reiko Kamiishida, The Eighth Annual Conference of The Japan Society for Cinema Studies, 01 Dec. 2012, The Japan Society for Cinema Studies, I analyzed the unique perspective of John Carpenter's 1988 film "They Live" through a comparison of the film, Ray Nelson's original story "Eight O'clock in the Morning" (1963), and the comic "Nada" (1986), which directly influenced the film. I discussed the depiction of television, advertising, consumer society, and graffiti in the film, as well as in the fictional town of Justiceville, where the film is set, and deciphered the message of the film. I also examined the intention of allusion, which is not particularly mentioned in the film.
Spray Can Sounds in Graffiti Movies, Reiko Kamiishida, The Tenth Annual Conference of The Japan Society for Cinema Studies , 06 Dec. 2014, The Japan Society for Cinema Studies, In this presentation, I traced the evolution of the depiction of graffiti in film, and reviewed the changes in the reception of graffiti in Western society. First, the origins of contemporary graffiti were clarified, and the history of graffiti in film was traced with reference to specific works. Second, from the films of graffiti writers, I examined the production strategies of contemporary graffiti writers. A common element in films that consciously incorporate graffiti is the "sound of spray cans clanging. Using this event as the underlying sound, the genealogy of graffiti films was clarified.