Educational Activities by the Japan Society of Geoinformatics and Expectations for Geoinformatics Education, Masanori SAKAMOTO, Tatsuya NEMOTO, Shinji MASUMOTO and Yosuke NOUMI, Geoinformatics, 30, 4, 147, 159, 25 Dec. 2019, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, 根本 達也・升本 眞二・能美 洋介, The present paper reviews educational activities of the Japan Society of Geoinformatics through symposiums and workshops. The Society will continue to play a central role in development of human resources who advance a wide variety of computerization in geological works.
Presentation of the 3-D computer geologic map for understanding of a plotted geologic map, Sakamoto Masanori, 6, 83, 92, 28 Feb. 2015
55, 63, 01 Jan. 1992
33, 51, 01 Mar. 1992, Kiyoko Kuwahara, Masanori Sakamoto
121, 138, 01 Sep. 1992, 坂本正徳、塩野清治
59, 88, 01 Jun. 1993, Venkatesh RAGHAVAN, Shinji MASUMOTO, Kiyoji SHIONO, Masanori SAKAMOTO and Kiyoshi WADATSUMI
140, 147, 01 Jul. 1993, Masanori Sakamoto, Kiyoji Shiono, Sinji Masumoto, Kiyoshi Wadatsumi
365, 389, 01 Dec. 1993, Shinji MASUMOTO, Venkatesh RAGHAVAN, Masanori SAKAMOTO and Kiyoji SHIONO
243, 292, 01 Mar. 1994
223, 232, 01 Dec. 1994
117, 122, 01 Sep. 1995, 坂本正徳、塩野清治、升本眞二
209, 227, 01 Dec. 1995, 坂本正徳、升本眞二、Venkatesh RAGHAVAN、塩野清治
229, 236, 01 Dec. 1995, 坂本正徳、升本眞二、Venkatesh RAGHAVAN、塩野清治
99, 106, 01 Aug. 1997, 升本眞二、塩野清治、Venkatesh Raghavan、坂本正徳、弘原海清
Characterization of 3D Distribution of Sedimentary Layers and Geomapping Algorithm -Logical Model of Geologic Structure-, Geoinformatics,Vol.9,No.3, 121, 134, 01 Sep. 1998, 塩野清治、升本眞二、坂本正徳
Principle of Geologic Field Survey and Mapping as Theoretical Bases of Computer Processing, Geoinformatics, 01 Dec. 2000, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, 塩野清治、升本眞二、坂本正徳、八尾 昭
Horizon2000:Revised Fortran Program for Optimal Determination of Geologic Surface Based on Field Observation Including Equality‐Inequality Constrains and Slope Information, 『Geoinformatics』, 229, 249, 01 Dec. 2001, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, 塩野清治、能美洋介、升本眞二、坂本正徳
Visualization of Geologic Boundaries Based on Generalized Geologic Function, GEOINFORMATICS, 193, 206, 01 Dec. 2004, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, 米澤剛、升本眞二、根本達也、坂本正徳、塩野清治
Ten years of Computer technique training - Basic instruction - and a view of fundamental information learning, 3, 25, 35, 29 Feb. 2012
Terramod-BS : Visual Basic Program for Determination and Visualization of Geologic Boundary Surface Including BS-Horizon Module, Geoinformatics, Vol.23, No.4, 25 Dec. 2012, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, 坂本正徳・野々垣進・升本眞二
;;RAGHAVAN Venkatesh;, 6, 41, 42, 1995
;;, 7, 9, 10, 1996
Construction of three dimensional geologic model on GIS, MASUMOTO Shinji;RAGHAVAN Venkatesh;SAKAMOTO Masanori;SHIONO Kiyoji, 8, 11, 12, 1997
Application of VRML technique for 3-D geologic modeling, SAKAMOTO Masanori;MASUMOTO Shinji;SHIONO Kiyoji, 9, 15, 16, 01 Jun. 1998
Visualization for Geologic Information using VRML, MASUMOTO Shinji;SAKAMOTO Masanori;SUKEGAWA Yuichi;RAGHAVAN Venkatesh;SHIONO Kiyoji, 9, 57, 58, 01 Jun. 1998
Numerical Information in Geologic Mapping System CIGMA, SAKAMOTO Masanori;SHIONO Kiyoji;MASUMOTO Shinji, GEOINFORMATICS, 6, 3, 117, 122, 25 Sep. 1995, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, We have presented the process of geologic mapping in mathematical formulae, and constructed the software system CIGMA. Input data are composed of numerical data and relationship data. Numerical data show the coordinate of point, and strike and dip of the stratum. Relationship data show the structural relationship between two strata. Though these types of data are independently processed in this system, input data for geologic mapping should be essentially observed in the field. Observed data have been accumulated in the outcrop database, The CIGMA system is one of the softwares to which the outcrop database can be applied.
Geologic Information on GIS - Special Characteristics of Geologic Map Information -, MASUMOTO Sinji;SHIONO Kiyoji;RAGHAVAN Venkatesh;SAKAMOTO Masanori;WADATSUMI Kiyoshi, Geoinformatics, 8, 2, 99, 106, 25 Aug. 1997
SHIONO Seiji;SAKAMOTO Masanori, 8, 3, 185, 187, 25 Oct. 1997
;, 9, 3, 191, 195, 25 Sep. 1998
TERRAMOD (Visual Basic Version) : A Program for Generation of Three Dimensional Terrain Model Using Digital Elevation Data, SAKAMOTO Masanori;MASUMOTO Shinji;RAGHAVAN Venkatesh;SHIONO Kiyoji, 6, 4, 209, 227, 25 Dec. 1995
A BASIC Program for Generation of Three Dimensional Shaded Relief Model Using Digital Elevation Data, SAKAMOTO Masanori;MASUMOTO Shinji;RAGHAVAN Venkatesh;SHIONO Kiyoji, 6, 4, 229, 236, 25 Dec. 1995
6, 4, 255, 256, 25 Dec. 1995
On Formal Expression of Spatial Distribution of Strata Using Boundary Surfaces - C1 and C2 Type of Contact -, SHIONO Kiyoji;MASUMOTO Shinji;SAKAMOTO Masanori, Geoinformatics, 5, 4, 223, 232, 25 Dec. 1994
Visualization of Geologic Boundaries Based on Generalized Geologic Function, YONEZAWA Go;MASUMOTO Shinji;NEMOTO Tatsuya;SAKAMOTO Masanori;SHIONO Kiyoji, Geological data processing, 15, 4, 193, 206, 25 Dec. 2004, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, The geologic function that assigns a unique geologic unit to every point in the objective three dimensional (3-D) space is a key element of a computer geo-mapping. Algorithms for construction and visualization of 3-D geologic model based on the geologic function have been widely developed. As the concept of geologic boundary is not-contained in the geologic function, it was newly defined a generalized geologic function that assigns a pair of directly above and below geologic units to every point in the objective 3-D space. The generalized geologic function clarifies a boundary of geologic units to be visualized. Visual Basic program Geomodel2003 was developed to visualize geologic boundaries on the objective surface by embedding sub-routines for visualization of geologic boundary which had been developed in the Geomodel2000. We verified the adequacy and usefulness of the proposed algorithm. Application of Geomodel2003 to a test data in Honjyo area, Akita Prefecture, Japan, proved that the proposed algorithm is valid 3-D geologic modeling.
LOGICAL MODEL OF GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE FOR THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGIC VISUALIZATION, MASUMOTO Shinji;SAKAMOTO Masanori;SHIONO Kiyoji, Proceedings of the conference on computational engineering and science, 2, 2, 491, 494, 28 May 1997
Terramod-BS : A software for modeling of geological surface using BS-Horizon, SAKAMOTO Masanori;NONOGAKI Susumu;MASUMOTO Shinji;SHIONO Kiyoji, 21, 2, 88, 89, 15 Jun. 2010
Terramod-BS : Visual Basic Program for Determination and Visualization of Geologic Boundary Surface Including BS-Horizon Module, SAKAMOTO Masanori;NONOGAKI Susumu;MASUMOTO Shinji, 23, 4, 169, 178, 25 Dec. 2012
Use of Geomodel for understanding the spread of the strata from geologic map, SAKAMOTO Masanori, 24, 2, 68, 69, 18 Jun. 2013
MidFielder: Decision Support System for Geologic Field Survey : A Consideration of Data Processing after Stratigraphic Classification(Geoinforum-2003 Annual Meeting Abstracts), YOSHIDA Kenichi;SHIONO Kiyoji;MASUMOTO Shinji;SAKAMOTO Masanori, Geological data processing, 14, 2, 220, 221, 15 Jun. 2003, Japan Society of Geoinformatics
Practical Solution of 3-D Geomapping System Based on Geology Oriented Logical System, SAKAMOTO Masanori;SHIONO Kiyoji;MASUMOTO Shinji, Geological data processing, 11, 2, 116, 117, 09 Jun. 2000, Japan Society of Geoinformatics
New Version of Gridding Algorithm Horizon : Smoothness, Penalty and Data Evaluation, SHIONO Kiyoji;MASUMOTO Shinji;SAKAMOTO Masanori, Geological data processing, 11, 2, 124, 125, 09 Jun. 2000, Japan Society of Geoinformatics
Principle of Geologic Field Survey and Mapping as Theoretical Bases of Computer Processing, SHIONO Kiyoji;MASUMOTO Shinji;SAKAMOTO Masanori;YAO Akira, Geological data processing, 11, 4, 241, 252, 25 Dec. 2000, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, Reviewing fundamental procedures of geological survey from a viewpoint of computerization, we formulate a flow of data processing, in which different types of information on spatial distribution, atributes and relations of geologic units are integrated to be summarized in a form of geologic maps. The flow reveals that observations and interpretations of geologists are essential in the early stages from field survey to stratigraphic classification, and that there exists a clear algorithm of data processing in the subsequent stages leading to construction of a 3D model of geological structure and its visualization. We show a computer algorithm based on an idea of a logical model of geologic structure together with a practical example of data processing. Finally it is suggested that development of computer systems that support geologists in the early stage from field survey to stratigraphic classification is the remaining object toward realization of a computer geomapping system.
Visualization of Geologic Boundaries Based on Geologic Function, MASUMOTO Shinji;NEMOTO Tatsuya;SAKAMOTO Masanori;SHIONO Kiyoji, Geological data processing, 12, 2, 94, 95, 10 Jun. 2001, Japan Society of Geoinformatics
Terramod2001:A software for gridding and modeling of geological surface, SAKAMOTO Masanori;SHIONO Kiyoji;MASUMOTO Shinji, Geological data processing, 12, 2, 112, 113, 10 Jun. 2001, Japan Society of Geoinformatics
Horizon2000 : Revised Fortran Program for Optimal Determination of Geologic Surfaces Based on Field Observation Including Equality-Inequality Constraints and Slope Information, SHIONO Kiyoji;NOUMI Yousuke;MASUMOTO Shinji;SAKAMOTO Masanori, Geological data processing, 12, 4, 229, 249, 25 Dec. 2001, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, Gridding algorithm proposed by Shiono et al. (1987) is designed to determine the optimal geologic surface that minimizes the augmented objective function Q=J(smoothness)+α(penalty)*R(goodness of fit) based on an exterior penalty function method. The algorithm provides a powerful mean to make use of inequality and slope information as constraints of the surface. However, as the solution depends on the value of penalty and number of grid, a series of trial and error is required to find the most proper values for each set of data. We revised the Fortran program from a viewpoint of rationalization of trial and error. The revised program evaluates the smoothness of surface in a form of numerical integration and the goodness of fit in a form of residual mean of squares, and shows the smoothness of surface and the goodness of fit for each solution on the display. Through calculations for a sparsely distributed data, it is confirmed that the solution depends only on a value of penalty but not on number of grid as expected from the evaluation of smoothness. Through the examination of a densely distributed inequality data, we found that the revised program is efficient to find a proper value of penalty and number of grid.
Educational use of geologic mapping system CIGMA, Sakamoto Masanori;Shiono Kiyoji;Masumoto Shinji;Raghavan Venkatesh, Geological data processing, 10, 2, 112, 113, 10 Jun. 1999, Japan Society of Geoinformatics
Characterization of 3D Distribution of Sedimentary Layers and Geomapping Algorithm : Logical Model of Geologic Structure, SHIONO Kiyoji;MASUMOTO Shinji;SAKAMOTO Masanori, Geological data processing, 9, 3, 121, 134, 25 Sep. 1998, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, Computer processing of underground structures is one of the most important problems in Geoinformatics to promote an advanced use of computer in geology and a wide variety of related fields.The present paper summarizes a mathematical basis of data processing for a 3D modeling of geologic structure that has been formed through a sequence of sedimentation and erosion.At the first, we present a mathematical model that defines recursively a logical relation between geologic units and surfaces.Next, based on the model, we formulate a flow of data processing for 3D modeling as the following six steps:(1)classification of geologic units, (2)ordering of geologic units and events, (3)derivation of a logical relation between geologic units and surfaces, (4)estimation of surfaces, (5)determination of a function g that assigns a geologic unit to every point, and finally(6)visualization of 3D geologic structure based on the function g.The formulation provides a theoretical basis for development of computer algorithms.
GeoMapModel : A software for modeling of geological map, SAKAMOTO Masanori;SHIONO Kiyoji;MASUMOTO Shinji, Geological data processing, 13, 2, 106, 107, 05 Jun. 2002, Japan Society of Geoinformatics
Basic Algorithm for Visualization of Geologic Boundaries and Application to Geomodel2000, YONEZAWA Go;MASUMOTO Shinji;SAKAMOTO Masanori;SHIONO Kiyoji, Geological data processing, 13, 2, 128, 129, 05 Jun. 2002, Japan Society of Geoinformatics
A prototype of Terramod2005 using Visual Basic 2005(Geoinforum-2005 Annual Meeting Abstracts), Sakamoto Masanori, Geological data processing, 16, 2, 126, 127, 25 Jun. 2005, Japan Society of Geoinformatics
622 Geologic mapping software system CIGMA for personal computer, SAKAMOTO Masanori;MASUMOTO Shinji;SHIONO Kiyoji;RAGHAVAN Venkatesh, Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of Japan, 1997, 0, 1997, The Geological Society of Japan
623 Three dimensional geologic modeling using GIS(GRASS), MASUMOTO Shinji;RAGHAVAN Venkatesh;SHIONO Kiyoji;SAKAMOTO Masanoti, Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of Japan, 1997, 0, 1997, The Geological Society of Japan
Educational effect of geologic mapping system CIGMA, Sakamoto Masanori;Shiono Kiyoji;Masumoto Shinji;Raghavan Venkatesh, Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of Japan, 1999, 0, 1999, The Geological Society of Japan
P-246 Development of a spatial information system for 3D geological modeling, Raghavan Venkatesh;Masumoto Shinji;Shiono Kiyoji;Sakamoto Masanori, Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of Japan, 1999, 0, 1999, The Geological Society of Japan
Geographical data processing by TERRAMOD system, SAKAMOTO Masanori, Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of Japan, 2003, 0, 2003, The Geological Society of Japan
Design for Terramod2005 using Visual Basic 2005 Beta, SAKAMOTO Masanori, Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of Japan, 2005, 0, 2005, The Geological Society of Japan
Construction of Terramod2005 using Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition(Geoinforum-2006 Annual Meeting Abstracts), Sakamoto Masanori, Geological data processing, 17, 2, 136, 137, 25 Jun. 2006, Japan Society of Geoinformatics
P-186 Renewal of Terramod2005 using Visual Basic 2005 Express Edition : Software for modeling of geological surface, SAKAMOTO Masanori, Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of Japan, 2006, 0, 2006, The Geological Society of Japan
P-183 Enhancement of data processing and its presentation for Terramod2005, SAKAMOTO Masanori, 114, 01 Sep. 2007, The Geological Society of Japan
P246 Data Processing of Geological Mapping System Based on Geology Oriented Logical System, SAKAMOTO Masanori;SHIONO Kiyoji;MASUMOTO Shinji, Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of Japan, 2000, 0, 2000, The Geological Society of Japan
P-215 Visualization Program for Geologic Boundaries, Masumoto Shinji;Nemoto Tatsuya;Sakamoto Masanori;Shiono Kiyoji, Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of Japan, 2001, 0, 2001, The Geological Society of Japan
P-229 Terramod and GeoMapModel : Applications of geological spatial data processing for training course, SAKAMOTO Masanori;SHIONO Kiyoji;MASUMOTO Shinji, Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of Japan, 2002, 0, 2002, The Geological Society of Japan
Horizon2000: Revised Fortran Program for Optimal Determination of Geologic Surfaces Based on Field Observation Including Equality-Inequality Constraints and Slope Information, SHIONO Kiyoji;NOUMI Yousuke;MASUMOTO Shinji;SAKAMOTO Masanori, GEOINFORMATICS, 12, 4, 229, 249, 2001, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, Gridding algorithm proposed by Shiono et al.(1987) is designed to determine the optimal geologic surface that minimizes the augmented objective function Q=J(smoothness)+α(penalty) * R(goodness of fit) based on an exterior penalty function method. The algorithm provides a powerful mean to make use of inequality and slope information as constraints of the surface. However, as the solution depends on the value of penalty and number of grid, a series of trial and error is required to find the most proper values for each set of data. We revised the Fortran program from a viewpoint of rationalization of trial and error. The revised program evaluates the smoothness of surface in a form of numerical integration and the goodness of fit in a form of residual mean of squares, and shows the smoothness of surface and the goodness of fit for each solution on the display. Through calculations for a sparsely distributed data, it is confirmed that the solution depends only on a value of penalty but not on number of grid as expected from the evaluation of smoothness. Through the examination of a densely distributed inequality data, we found that the revised program is efficient to find a proper value of penalty and number of grid.
Visualization of Geologic Boundaries Based on Generalized Geologic Function, YONEZAWA Go;MASUMOTO Shinji;NEMOTO Tatsuya;SAKAMOTO Masanori;SHIONO Kiyoji, GEOINFORMATICS, 15, 4, 193, 208, 2004, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, The geologic function that assigns a unique geologic unit to every point in the objective 3-D space is a key element of a computer geo-mapping. Algorithms for construction and visualization of 3-D geologic model based on the geologic function have been widely developed. As the concept of geologic boundary is not contained in the geologic function, it was newly defined a generalized geologic function that assigns a pair of directly above and below geologic units to every point in the objective 3-D space. The generalized geologic function clarifies a boundary of geologic units to be visualized. Visual Basic program Geomodel2003 was developed to visualize geologic boundaries on the objective surface by embedding sub-routines for visualization of geologic boundary which had been developed in the Geomodel2000. We verified the adequacy and usefulness of the proposed algorithm. Application of Geomodel2003 to a test data in Honjyo area, Akita Prefecture, Japan, proved that the proposed algorithm is valid 3-D geologic modeling.
Terramod-BS : Visual Basic Program for Determination and Visualization of Geologic Boundary Surface Including BS-Horizon Module, SAKAMOTO Masanori;NONOGAKI Susumu;MASUMOTO Shingi, GEOINFORMATICS, 23, 4, 169, 178, 2012, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, We have developed a series of Visual Basic Program Terramod for modeling and visualizing of geologic surfaces based on irregularly distributed field observation including equality-inequality elevation data and strike-dip data. The current version applies an algorithm of Horizon2000 (Shiono
et al., 2001) to determine the optimal surfaces, in which the surface is approximated by a set of values at grid points. This version has the same disadvantages as Horizon2000; it is hard to generate quickly a large sized DEM. We revised the program by applying an algorithm of BS-Horizon (Nonogaki
et al., 2008) instead of Horizon2000. As the surface is processed in a form of a bi-cubic B-spline function, we can generate easily a high resolution DEM over a wide area under Windows environment. This paper describes how to use the
Enhancement of data processing and its presentation for Terramod2005, SAKAMOTO MASANORI, Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of Japan, 2007, 0, 480, 480, 2007, The Geological Society of Japan
Application of VRML technique to 3-D geologic modeling, SAKAMOTO Masanori;MASUMOTO Shinji;SHIONO Kiyoji;RAGHAVAN Ventatesh, Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of Japan, 1998, 0, 1998, The Geological Society of Japan
Internet based spatial information system:—Prospects for geological applications—, Raghavan Venkatesh;Masumoto Shinji;Sakamoto Masanori, Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of Japan, 1998, 0, 1998, The Geological Society of Japan
New Version of Gridding Algorithm Horizon:Smoothness, Penalty and Data Evaluation, SHIONO Kiyoji;MASUMOTO Shinji;SAKAMOTO Masanori, GEOINFORMATICS, 11, 2, 124, 125, 2000, Japan Society of Geoinformatics
Practical Solution of 3-D Geomapping System Based on Geology Oriented Logical System, SAKAMOTO Masanori;SHIONO Kiyoji;MASUMOTO Shinji, GEOINFORMATICS, 11, 2, 116, 117, 2000, Japan Society of Geoinformatics
Educational use of geologic mapping system CIGMA, Sakamoto Masanori;Shiono Kiyoji;Masumoto Shinji;Raghavan Venkatesh, GEOINFORMATICS, 10, 2, 112, 113, 1999, Japan Society of Geoinformatics
Principle of Geologic Field Survey and Mapping as Theoretical Bases of Computer Processing, SHIONO Kiyoji;MASUMOTO Shinji;SAKAMOTO Masanori;YAO Akira, GEOINFORMATICS, 11, 4, 241, 252, 2000, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, Reviewing fundamental procedures of geological survey from a viewpoint of computerization, we formulate a flow of data processing, in which different types of information on spatial distribution, attributes and relations of geologic units are integrated to be summarized in a form of geologic maps. The flow reveals that observations and interpretations of geologists are essential in the early stages from field survey to stratigraphic classification, and that there exists a clear algorithm of data processing in the subsequent stages leading to construction of a 3D model of geological structure and its visualization. We show a computer algorithm based on an idea of a logical model of geologic structure together with a practical example of data processing. Finally it is suggested that development of computer systems that support geologists in the early stage from field survey to stratigraphic classification is the remaining object toward realization of a computer geomapping system.
Characterization of 3D Distribution of Sedimentary Layers and Geomapping Algorithm:Logical Model of Geologic Structure, SHIONO Kiyoji;MASUMOTO Shinji;SAKAMOTO Masanori, GEOINFORMATICS, 9, 3, 121, 134, 1998, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, Computer processing of underground structures is one of the most important problems in Geoinformatics to promote an advanced use of computer in geology and a wide variety of related fields. The present paper summarizes a mathematical basis of data processing for a 3D modeling of geologic structure that has been formed through a sequence of sedimentation and erosion. At the first, we present a mathematical model that defines recursively a logical relation between geologic units and surfaces. Next, based on the model, we formulate a flow of data processing for 3D modeling as the following six steps: (1) classification of geologic units, (2) ordering of geologic units and events, (3) derivation of a logical relation between geologic units and surfaces, (4) estimation of surfaces, (5) determination of a function g that assigns a geologic unit to every point, and finally (6) visualization of 3D geologic structure based on the function g. The formulation provides a theoretical basis for development of computer algorithms.
On Formal Expression of Spatial Distribution of Strata Using Boundary Surfaces —C
1 and C
2 Type of Contact—, SHIONO Kiyoji;MASUMOTO Shinji;SAKAMOTO Masanori, GEOINFORMATICS, 5, 4, 223, 232, 1994, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, In order to formulate the distribution of strata in a survey area Ω in terms of subspaces
b1,
b2, …,
bn bounded by boundary surfaces
S1,
S2, …,
Sn-1, we introduce a new concept called C
1 and C
2 type of boundary surface as a mathematical model of conformity and unconformity, respectively. Let
St be a boundary surface which divides a given successive sequence of subspaces (
br,
br+1, …,
bk) into two successive sequences (
br, …,
bt) and (
bt+1, …,
bk) . Then a surface S
k is called C
1 type of boundary surface if and only if
St also divides a successive sequence (
br, …,
bk,
bk+1) into two successive sequences (
br, ...,
bt) and (
bt+1, …,
bk,
bk+1) . On the other hand, the boundary surface
Sk is called C
2 type of boundary surface if and only if
Sk divides a successive sequence (
b1,
b2, …,
bk,
bk+1) into a successive sequences (
b1, …,
bk) and a single subspace
bk+1. It is proved that all subspaces
b1,
b2, …,
bn are uniquely defined by boundary surfaces
S1,
S2, …,
Sn-1 if subspaces are bounded by either C
1 or C
2 type of boundary surfaces. According to the formulation of strata in terms of subspaces bounded by boundary surfaces, we can define a function
g which assigns a label corresponding to a stratum to every point in Ω. The formulation of subspaces and the labeling function provide theoretical bases of the computerized geologic mapping system“CIGMA”.
A BASIC Program for Generation of Three Dimensional Shaded Relief Model Using Digital Elevation Data, SAKAMOTO Masanori;MASUMOTO Shinji;RAGHAVAN Venkatesh;SHIONO Kiyoji, GEOINFORMATICS, 6, 4, 229, 236, 1995, Japan Society of Geoinformatics
TERRAMOD (Visual Basic Version):A Program for Generation of Three Dimensional Terrain Model Using Digital Elevation Data, SAKAMOTO Masanori;MASUMOTO Shinji;RAGHAVAN Venkatesh;SHIONO Kiyoji, GEOINFORMATICS, 6, 4, 209, 227, 1995, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, In this paper, the programming principles and Visual Basic program of the three dimensional terrain model using digital elevation data are presented. This program is implemented on a personal computer under the MS-Windows environment. As 256 colors and large-sized dimensions are available, the quality of output image is as good as that of a work station under UNIX and X-Window environment.
Geologic Information on GIS:Special Characteristics of Geologic Map Information, MASUMOTO Shinji;SHIONO Kiyoji;RAGHAVAN Venkatesh;SAKAMOTO Masanori;WADATSUMI Kiyoshi, GEOINFORMATICS, 8, 2, 99, 106, 1997, Japan Society of Geoinformatics, In this paper, we discuss about the information contained on a geologic map as a typical example of the geologic information, and evaluate the difficulties encountered in construction the geologic map on GIS. We also outline the need for the development of an Earth Information System (EIS) that can handle the geologic information in its true sense.
A geologic map represents three dimensional distribution of geologic bodies and allied information. Construction of 3D distribution of geologic bodies has been made possible using geologic function g of the CIGMA system. The allied information include relational information such as the stratigraphy and structure that are derived from geologic knowledge. These relational information provides fundamental topological information for drawing a geologic map. However, these stratigraphical and structural relations comprise very complex and specialized information. Furthermore, the problems constructing the geologic map are mainly caused by the following; a) the data for drawing the geologic map are not standardized, b) the inference process for transforming data to map is complex and is not represented as a formula, c) subjective judgments based on the knowledge of the geologist are involved. These problems and inherent characteristics of the relational information add to the difficulty of constructing geologic map in the GIS environment.
GEOINFORMATICS, 6, 4, 255, 256, 1995, Japan Society of Geoinformatics