23K01718
22K01466, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Investigating the relationship between competition and protection for the creation and dissemination of innovation
21K01554, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Economic analysis of public hospital reform and community medicine
16K03647, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Vertical Transaction Theory Influenced by Innovation and regulation: Toward Good Pharmaceutical Industry, The following are empirically clarified about the form of wholesale transactions between hospitals and pharmacies about prescription drugs and their delivery price. The large scale of a medical institution tends to change the transaction from the single item price to the total price of all items (uniform discount). When the wholesaler that is "main" wholesaler of the medical institution receives capital from the pharmaceutical manufacturer, the wholesaler sets low discount rate of the delivery price of the drug that the manufacturer makes.
In the theoretical analysis, we discover that when both R&D investment and spillover effects are high, the economic welfare of monopoly is higher than that of Cournot competition or Stackelberg competition. In the patent analysis, we find that when the degree of patent protection is low, in doctrines of damages of patent infringement an innovator favors lost profit system over unjust enrichment.
26380387, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Design of Health Policy Based on Moral Motivation, This study clarify the role of moral motivation in providing health services and analyzes the health policy. Firstly, we confirm an incentive to shorten inpatient day excessively under DPC/PDPS when medical institutions behave as profit maximizer, and show that moral motivation is an important factor for diffusion of DPC/PDPS. The study also indicates that to stimulate moral motivation is critical factor for increasing the number of medical institutions with moral motivation.
25380317, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Economic analysis of medical pharmaceutical distribution, To obtain a qualitative results about how to affect the profit of the upstream pharmaceutical manufacturer by the difference in bargaining power between the pharmaceutical wholesaler and medical institution in the theory part. Under the current drug pricing system bargaining power is higher upstream pharmaceutical manufacturer profit of wholesale increases. The main conclusion by empirical analysis, the probability of the total value traded the larger the scale of hospitals and pharmacies is that the increases. On the other hand, the probability that the number of wholesale to trade shifts to the single item unit price traded higher utilization rate of more or generic drugs is higher.
Four ethical pharmaceutical wholesale offers a variety of information to the upstream pharmaceutical manufacturers, it was revealed that its consideration has become a source of big profits.
23K01718
22K01466, Investigating the relationship between competition and protection for the creation and dissemination of innovation
21K01554, Economic analysis of public hospital reform and community medicine
16K03647, Vertical Transaction Theory Influenced by Innovation and regulation: Toward Good Pharmaceutical Industry, The following are empirically clarified about the form of wholesale transactions between hospitals and pharmacies about prescription drugs and their delivery price. The large scale of a medical institution tends to change the transaction from the single item price to the total price of all items (uniform discount). When the wholesaler that is "main" wholesaler of the medical institution receives capital from the pharmaceutical manufacturer, the wholesaler sets low discount rate of the delivery price of the drug that the manufacturer makes.;In the theoretical analysis, we discover that when both R&D investment and spillover effects are high, the economic welfare of monopoly is higher than that of Cournot competition or Stackelberg competition. In the patent analysis, we find that when the degree of patent protection is low, in doctrines of damages of patent infringement an innovator favors lost profit system over unjust enrichment.
26380387, Design of Health Policy Based on Moral Motivation, This study clarify the role of moral motivation in providing health services and analyzes the health policy. Firstly, we confirm an incentive to shorten inpatient day excessively under DPC/PDPS when medical institutions behave as profit maximizer, and show that moral motivation is an important factor for diffusion of DPC/PDPS. The study also indicates that to stimulate moral motivation is critical factor for increasing the number of medical institutions with moral motivation.
25380317, Economic analysis of medical pharmaceutical distribution, To obtain a qualitative results about how to affect the profit of the upstream pharmaceutical manufacturer by the difference in bargaining power between the pharmaceutical wholesaler and medical institution in the theory part. Under the current drug pricing system bargaining power is higher upstream pharmaceutical manufacturer profit of wholesale increases. The main conclusion by empirical analysis, the probability of the total value traded the larger the scale of hospitals and pharmacies is that the increases. On the other hand, the probability that the number of wholesale to trade shifts to the single item unit price traded higher utilization rate of more or generic drugs is higher.;Four ethical pharmaceutical wholesale offers a variety of information to the upstream pharmaceutical manufacturers, it was revealed that its consideration has become a source of big profits.
JP23K01718
JP22K01466, Investigating the relationship between competition and protection for the creation and dissemination of innovation
JP21K01554, Economic analysis of public hospital reform and community medicine, This study examined the significance and impact of public hospitals from the perspective of the community medicine. First, we showed theoretically that if public hospital reform results in an increased pursuit of self-interest, it may have a negative impact on the community medicine. In addition, the current Japanese drug price system has institutional complementarity with the public hospital reform in terms of drug price reductions, and we clarified the impact of the public hospital reform to drug price reduction. Furthermore, we found that the proportion of public hospitals were significantly related to the number of deaths per population due to COVID-19 in each prefecture, empirically suggesting the importance of public hospitals in a pandemic.
JP16K03647, Vertical Transaction Theory Influenced by Innovation and regulation: Toward Good Pharmaceutical Industry, The following are empirically clarified about the form of wholesale transactions between hospitals and pharmacies about prescription drugs and their delivery price. The large scale of a medical institution tends to change the transaction from the single item price to the total price of all items (uniform discount). When the wholesaler that is "main" wholesaler of the medical institution receives capital from the pharmaceutical manufacturer, the wholesaler sets low discount rate of the delivery price of the drug that the manufacturer makes.;In the theoretical analysis, we discover that when both R&D investment and spillover effects are high, the economic welfare of monopoly is higher than that of Cournot competition or Stackelberg competition. In the patent analysis, we find that when the degree of patent protection is low, in doctrines of damages of patent infringement an innovator favors lost profit system over unjust enrichment.
JP26380387, Design of Health Policy Based on Moral Motivation, This study clarify the role of moral motivation in providing health services and analyzes the health policy. Firstly, we confirm an incentive to shorten inpatient day excessively under DPC/PDPS when medical institutions behave as profit maximizer, and show that moral motivation is an important factor for diffusion of DPC/PDPS. The study also indicates that to stimulate moral motivation is critical factor for increasing the number of medical institutions with moral motivation.
JP25380317, Economic analysis of medical pharmaceutical distribution, To obtain a qualitative results about how to affect the profit of the upstream pharmaceutical manufacturer by the difference in bargaining power between the pharmaceutical wholesaler and medical institution in the theory part. Under the current drug pricing system bargaining power is higher upstream pharmaceutical manufacturer profit of wholesale increases. The main conclusion by empirical analysis, the probability of the total value traded the larger the scale of hospitals and pharmacies is that the increases. On the other hand, the probability that the number of wholesale to trade shifts to the single item unit price traded higher utilization rate of more or generic drugs is higher.;Four ethical pharmaceutical wholesale offers a variety of information to the upstream pharmaceutical manufacturers, it was revealed that its consideration has become a source of big profits.